Fig. 12. Stage 3 embryo in vitro showing the polar, or anterior-posterior (A-P), and the perpendicular, or dorsal-ventral (D-V), axes. The blastocyst has expanded. The inner cell mass (ICM) is at the embryonic pole (EP). The opposite side of the blastocyst is the abembryonic pole (AP).

(From: Veeck and Zaninovic´, 2003. Reproduced with permission of the publisher, Francis and Taylor Group.)

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